Research

Working Papers

2026

Disentangling Self-Selection from the Impact of Electric Vehicle Ownership on Household Travel

Qifan Shao

2026

Social and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Heavy-Duty Electric Truck Battery Manufacturing in China and the US

Qifan Shao, Genevieve Giuliano, Jiachen Zhang, Hao Hu, Shu Liu, Marlon Boarnet

2026

Re-examine the Rebound Effect of Fuel Efficiency on Vehicle Travel in an Updated Context

Qifan Shao

2026

Social Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems for Heavy-Duty Transportation

Shu Liu, Hao Hu, Qifan Shao, Genevieve Giuliano, Jiachen Zhang, Marlon Boarnet

Projects

University of Southern California2022 -

Assessing Opportunities for Onshoring New Truck Engine Technologies

Qifan Shao, Genevieve Giuliano, Jiachen Zhang, Hao Hu, Shu Liu, Marlon Boarnet

Description

Using the Social Hotspot Database (SHDB) and the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model to explore how social and environmental impact changes if restructuring the supply chain by onshoring parts for the battery production process for Class 8 heavy-duty electric trucks from China to the US.

Comparative Social Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems for Heavy Duty Transportation

Shu Liu, Hao Hu, Qifan Shao, Genevieve Giuliano, Jiachen Zhang, Marlon Boarnet

Description

Applying the Social Hotspot Database (SHDB) to compare the potential societal impacts of battery electric and fuel cell electric power systems for Class 8 heavy-duty trucks. This research evaluates cradle-to-gate supply chains for a lithium-ion battery pack and a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system, including raw material production, component manufacturing, and final assembly.

Social Life Cycle Analysis of Zero Emission Heavy-Duty Trucks

Genevieve Giuliano, Jiachen Zhang, Marlon Boarnet, Qifan Shao, Sue Dexter

Description

Conducting an in-depth social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) for heavy-duty truck electric batteries and fuel cell batteries to assess the social and socio-economic aspects of various truck powertrains and their positive and negative impacts from cradle to gate.

The Environmental Impact and Policy Implications of Supercommuting in the Northern California Megaregion

Andre Comandon, Marlon Boarnet, James Gross, Qifan Shao

Description

Assessing the environmental impacts of supercommuting in the Northern California Megaregion. The purpose of the research is to assess the prevalence of and trends in very long-distance commuting, and how supercommuting contributes to transportation-linked greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities

Seva Rodnyansky, Marlon Boarnet, Qifan Shao

Description

Using the American Housing Survey (AHS), the project estimates the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by unit square feet and number of bedrooms per unit while controlling for demographics relevant to VMT.

Supply Chain Integration, Resilience, and Trust

Genevieve Giuliano, Qifan Shao, Sue Dexter

Description

Using life cycle assessment (LCA) to estimate the size and spatial distribution of the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a supply chain on each life cycle stage to understand the policy effects involved. Improve the understanding of the policy environment in ways that support a more integrated, resilient, and trusted supply chain.

Zero Emission Heavy Duty Trucks and California’s Advanced Clean Fleet Rules

Marlon Boarnet, Genevieve Giuliano, Clemens Pilgram, Ruoyu Chen, Qifan Shao

Description

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved a first-of-its-kind rule that requires a phased-in transition toward zero-emission for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which is known as the Advanced Clean Fleet (ACF) Regulation. Understand and summarize the ACF Regulation, the technologies that can meet the zero-emission requirements, and factors that will influence the pace of adoption of zero-emission trucks and estimate growth in demand for trucking services.

Exploring the Effects of Monetary and Time Cost on Travel Mode Choice

Marlon Boarnet, Qifan Shao, Clemens Pilgram

Description

Applied a discrete choice model to explore traveler’s mode choices and estimate cross-price and cross-time elasticities for TNC services and transit versus other modes, using the travel diary survey data collected by Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) targeting TNC users.

Peking University2019 - 2022

Effects of Built Environment on Travel-related CO2 Emissions in Zhongshan

Qifan Shao, Wenjia Zhang, Xinyu (Jason) Cao, & Jiawen Yang

Description

Quantified the impact of the built environment on travel-related CO2 emissions to inform planners of built environment interventions for low-carbon transportation, using the 2019 data from Zhongshan.

Nonlinear and Interaction Effects of Land Use and Motorcycles/E-bikes on Car Ownership

Qifan Shao, Wenjia Zhang, Xinyu (Jason) Cao, & Jiawen Yang

Description

Used the Zhongshan data to estimate the nonlinear and interaction effects of the built environment and motorcycles/E-bikes on car ownership, and inferred implications for mitigating the growth of car ownership.

Threshold and Moderating Effects of Land Use on Metro Ridership in Shenzhen

Qifan Shao, Wenjia Zhang, Xinyu (Jason) Cao, Jiawen Yang, & Jie Yin

Description

Applied a machine learning algorithm to examine the influential factors of metro ridership in Shenzhen, identified their threshold and moderating effects, and proposed land use planning guidelines adaptive to the network position of stations.